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Thomas Hant Morgan
| American geneticist, Nobel laureate Date of Birth: Country: USA |
Content:
- Biography of Thomas Hunt Morgan
- Morgan's Contributions to Genetics
- Major Works
Biography of Thomas Hunt Morgan
Thomas Hunt Morgan, an American geneticist and Nobel Laureate in , was born into a diplomat's family.
He graduated from the University of Kentucky, obtaining his bachelor's degree in After completing his studies, Morgan worked at the Johns Hopkins University. From to , he conducted scientific research at the American Committee for Fisheries. In , he received his doctorate from Johns Hopkins University and the same year, he was awarded the Adam Bruce Fellowship, which allowed him to travel to Europe and work at the Marine Biological Laboratory.
It was there that he met Hans Driesch and Kurt Herbst, who influenced his interest in experimental embryology.
From to , Morgan held the position of Professor of Experimental Zoology at Columbia University in New York.
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Morgan's Contributions to Genetics
In one of his early works, Morgan criticized Mendel's theory of inheritance.
He believed that chromosomes were not carriers of heredity but rather products of early stages of development. He also disagreed with Darwin's notion of "gradual changes" and instead favored the idea of mutations proposed by Dutch botanist Hugo de Vries. During that time, little was known about the mechanism of inheritance, and the study of evolution and heredity relied on comparing the morphology and physiology of different species.
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In , while studying the regenerative abilities of certain organisms, Morgan published his first article on the phenomenon of regeneration, which contributes to the successful survival of a species.
In , Gregor Mendel's works on the inheritance of traits in peas captured the attention of geneticists worldwide. It was during this time that biologist W. Sutton proposed that units of inheritance (genes) were located within or on the surface of cellular structures called chromosomes. Morgan disagreed with this, maintaining that chromosomes were products of early stages of organism development.
In , Morgan began working with the fruit fly Drosophila as a model organism.
It had only four pairs of chromosomes, started reproducing two weeks after birth, and produced offspring in quantities of around 1, individuals after 12 days. Other researchers, such as C. W. Woodworth and F. E. Lutz, had also studied Drosophila for genetic research, and Lutz introduced Morgan to the results of his work, as Morgan was searching for a more affordable model organism for his own scientific investigations.
Very soon, in , the first mutations appeared in Morgan's experiments with Drosophila.
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Analyzing a vast amount of data, Morgan came to interesting conclusions. Genes located on the same chromosome were less likely to be inherited together than expected.
This indicated the possibility of chromosome breakage and the exchange of genetic material between chromosomes. Morgan and his colleagues created "maps" of Drosophila chromosomes based on this concept. His hypothesis of the "linear" arrangement of genes on chromosomes and the dependence of gene linkage on their distance from each other was a revolutionary discovery in genetics.
In , Morgan was elected as a Foreign Member of the Royal Society in London, and in , he was awarded the Darwin Medal.
In , he received the Nobel Prize for his discoveries related to the functions of chromosomes in the transmission of hereditary traits.
Major Works
- Regeneration.
Thomas morgan hunt biography of michael jackson for kids We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. He went on to a solo career of astonishing worldwide success, delivering No. Thriller remains one of the best-selling albums in history. In his later years, Jackson was dogged by allegations of child molestation. The time Grammy Award winner died in at age 50 of a drug overdose just before launching a comeback tour.N-Y: Macmillan,
- Heredity and Sex. N-Y: Columbia Univ. Press,
- The Theory of the Gene. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press,
- The Scientific Basis of Evolution. London: Faber and Faber,